Richard Nixon
Article
June 27, 2022

Richard Milhous Nixon (9 gennaio 1913 – 22 aprile 1994) è stato il 37esimo presidente degli Stati Uniti, in carica dal 1969 al 1974. Membro del Partito Repubblicano, Nixon è stato precedentemente il 36esimo vicepresidente dal 1953 al 1961, avendo salito alla ribalta nazionale come rappresentante e senatore della California. Dopo cinque anni alla Casa Bianca che hanno visto la conclusione del coinvolgimento degli Stati Uniti nella guerra del Vietnam, la distensione con l'Unione Sovietica e la Cina, i primi sbarchi con equipaggio sulla luna e l'istituzione dell'Agenzia per la protezione dell'ambiente, è diventato l'unico presidente a dimettersi dall'ufficio, in seguito allo scandalo Watergate. Nixon è nato in una povera famiglia di quaccheri in una piccola città nel sud della California. Si laureò alla Duke University School of Law nel 1937 e tornò in California per esercitare la professione legale. Lui e sua moglie Pat si trasferirono a Washington nel 1942 per lavorare per il governo federale. Ha servito in servizio attivo nelle Riserve Navali durante la seconda guerra mondiale. Fu eletto alla Camera dei Rappresentanti nel 1946. La sua ricerca del caso Hiss stabilì la sua reputazione di leader anticomunista che lo elevò alla ribalta nazionale. Nel 1950 fu eletto al Senato. Era il vicepresidente di Dwight D. Eisenhower, il candidato presidenziale del Partito Repubblicano nelle elezioni del 1952, in seguito ricoprì la carica di vicepresidente per otto anni. Ha corso per la presidenza senza successo nel 1960, perdendo di poco contro John F. Kennedy. Nixon perse poi una corsa per il governatore della California contro Pat Brown nel 1962. Nel 1968 corse di nuovo per la presidenza e fu eletto, sconfiggendo Hubert Humphrey e George Wallace in un'elezione ravvicinata. Nixon pose fine al coinvolgimento americano in Vietnam nel 1973, ponendo fine alla leva militare nello stesso anno. La visita di Nixon in Cina nel 1972 alla fine portò a relazioni diplomatiche tra le due nazioni e ottenne il Trattato sui missili anti-balistici con l'Unione Sovietica lo stesso anno. La sua amministrazione ha generalmente trasferito il potere dal controllo federale al controllo statale. Ha imposto controlli sui salari e sui prezzi per 90 giorni, ha imposto la desegregazione delle scuole del sud, ha istituito l'Agenzia per la protezione dell'ambiente e ha iniziato la guerra al cancro. Ha anche presieduto lo sbarco sulla Luna dell'Apollo 11, che ha segnato la fine della corsa allo spazio. Fu rieletto in una delle più grandi frane elettorali della storia americana nel 1972, quando sconfisse George McGovern. Nel suo secondo mandato, Nixon ordinò un ponte aereo per rifornire le perdite israeliane nella guerra dello Yom Kippur, una guerra che portò alla crisi petrolifera in patria. Alla fine del 1973, il Watergate aumentò, costando a Nixon gran parte del suo sostegno politico. Il 9 agosto 1974, di fronte all'impeachment quasi certo e alla rimozione dall'incarico, divenne il primo presidente americano a dimettersi. In seguito, gli fu concesso il perdono dal suo successore, Gerald Ford. In 20 anni di pensione, Nixon scrisse le sue memorie e altri nove libri e intraprese molti viaggi all'estero, riabilitando la sua immagine in quella di un anziano statista e principale esperto di affari esteri. Ha subito un ictus debilitante il 18 aprile 1994 ed è morto quattro giorni dopo all'età di 81 anni. Indagini di storici e scienziati politici hanno classificato Nixon come un presidente al di sotto della media. Tuttavia, le valutazioni su di lui si sono rivelate complesse, con i suoi successi come presidente in contrasto con le circostanze della sua partenza dall'incarico.
Primi anni e istruzione
Richard Milhous Nixon è nato il 9 gennaio 1913 a Yorba Linda, in California, in una casa costruita da suo padre, situata nel ranch di limoni della sua famiglia. I suoi genitori erano Hannah (Milhous) Nixon e Francis A. Nixon. Sua madre era quacchera e suo padre si convertì dal metodismo alla fede quacchera. Attraverso sua madre, Nixon era un discendente del primo colono inglese Thomas Cornell, che era anche un antenato di Ezra Cornell, il fondatore della Cornell University, nonché di Jimmy Carter e Bill Gates. il tempo come astenersi dall'alcool, daTitoli di articoli correlati
Home
Article
Nixon (disambiguation)
Richard Nixon (disambiguation)
president of the United States
Republican Party
representative
senator
California
vice president
Vietnam War
détente
Soviet Union
China
first manned
Moon landings
Environmental Protection Agency
resign
Watergate scandal
President of the United States
Vice President
Spiro Agnew
Lyndon B. Johnson
Gerald Ford
Vice President of the United States
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Alben W. Barkley
Lyndon B. Johnson
United States Senator
California
Sheridan Downey
Thomas Kuchel
U.S. House of Representatives
California
12th
Jerry Voorhis
Patrick J. Hillings
Yorba Linda, California
New York City
Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Republican
Pat Ryan
Tricia
Julie
Francis A. Nixon
Hannah Milhous
Whittier College
BA
Duke University
LLB
United States Navy
Commander
World War II
South Pacific Theater
Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal
American Campaign Medal
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
World War II Victory Medal
Armed Forces Reserve Medal
Quakers
Southern California
Duke Law School
Pat
Naval Reserve
1946
Alger Hiss Case
1950
Dwight D. Eisenhower
1952 election
1960
John F. Kennedy
1962
1968
Hubert Humphrey
George Wallace
visit to China
diplomatic relations between the two nations
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
Environmental Protection Agency
War on Cancer
Controlled Substances Act
War on Drugs
Apollo 11
Space Race
1972
George McGovern
an airlift
Yom Kippur War
oil crisis
Watergate
impeachment
a pardon
Gerald Ford
died four days later
ranked
Donald
Yorba Linda, California
Hannah (Milhous) Nixon
Francis A. Nixon
Quaker
Methodism
Thomas Cornell
Ezra Cornell
Cornell University
Jimmy Carter
Bill Gates
Donald
Edward
medieval
Richard the Lionheart
Whittier, California
tuberculosis
Whittier High School
Whittier High School
Fullerton Union High School
Fullerton
Harvard University
Whittier College
summa cum laude
Bachelor of Arts
history
Duke University School of Law
Order of the Coif
David Eisenhower
Tricia
Edward Cox
FBI
California bar
commercial litigation
wills
La Habra, California
The Dark Tower
Thelma "Pat" Ryan
love at first sight
Tricia
Julie
Office of Price Administration
Pearl Harbor
United States Navy
the draft
lieutenant junior grade
United States Naval Reserve
Naval Air Station Ottumwa
Iowa
Marine Aircraft Group 25
South Pacific Combat Air Transport Command
logistics
lieutenant
Vella Lavella
Bougainville
Nissan Island
Navy Letter of Commendation
Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal
Alameda Naval Air Station
Bureau of Aeronautics
Secretary of the Navy
lieutenant commander
1946 California's 12th congressional district election
1950 United States Senate election in California
California's 12th congressional district
Jerry Voorhis
Bank of America
Baltimore
Taft–Hartley Act
Education and Labor Committee
Herter Committee
Marshall Plan
House Un-American Activities Committee
Gerhard Eisler
Ruth Fischer
Charles J. Kersten
John Francis Cronin
William C. Sullivan
J. Edgar Hoover
Mundt–Nixon Bill
Communist Party
Alger Hiss
Whittaker Chambers
State Department
microfilm
Pumpkin Papers
perjury
cross-filed
United States Senate
Sheridan Downey
Helen Gahagan Douglas
Korean War
Pink Sheet
Vito Marcantonio
Wisconsin
Joseph McCarthy
Harry S. Truman
Dwight D. Eisenhower
smoke-filled room
Robert A. Taft
Alfred Driscoll
Everett Dirksen
running mate
ticket
Checkers speech
the November election
Cabinet
National Security Council
Saigon
Hanoi
French Indochina
Los Angeles Times
San Francisco Chronicle
National University of San Marcos
1954 elections
25th Amendment to the United States Constitution
Stephen Ambrose
New Hampshire primary
November 1956 election
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Nikita Khrushchev
Kitchen Debate
John Charles Daly
Montevideo
Lima
National University of San Marcos
Caracas
their limousine was attacked
John Foster Dulles
Director of Central Intelligence
Allen Dulles
Soviet Union
American National Exhibition
Nikita Khrushchev
Kitchen Debate
1960 United States presidential election
John F. Kennedy
televised 1960 debate
Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
John F. Kennedy
Eisenhower–Nixon administration
ballistic missiles
missile gap
presidential debates
five o'clock shadow
voter fraud
Six Crises
Kennedy–Johnson inauguration
Pat Brown
Governor of California
the 1962 election
an impromptu concession speech
senior partner
Nixon, Mudge, Rose, Guthrie & Alexander
his assassination
in the primaries
1964 Republican National Convention
election
Richard Nixon 1968 presidential campaign
1968 United States presidential election
Vietnam War
primary election
Tet Offensive
Robert F. Kennedy
was assassinated
George Romney
Nelson Rockefeller
Ronald Reagan
brokered convention
Spiro Agnew
Hubert Humphrey
a convention
by violent protests
silent majority
socially conservative
hippie counterculture
anti-war
peace with honor
October surprise
Anna Chennault
American Independent Party
George Wallace
bring the divided nation together
Earl Warren
Presidency of Richard Nixon
Timeline of the Richard Nixon presidency
was inaugurated
president
Chief Justice
Earl Warren
Isaiah
Foreign policy of the Richard Nixon administration
1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
Zhou Enlai
Foreign Affairs
Henry Kissinger
National Security Advisor
Secretary of State
border clashes between the two
Chinese Communist Party
chairman
Mao Zedong
to visit China and play against top Chinese players
Air Force One
Zhou Enlai
John Foster Dulles
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Great Hall of the People
joint communique
Forbidden City
Ming Tombs
Great Wall
US–China relations
détente
triangular diplomacy
Vietnam War
Vietnamization
Role of the United States in the Vietnam War
B-52
Khmer Rouge
Operation Menu
Norodom Sihanouk
Viet Cong
South Vietnam
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
Vietnamese troops
Vietnamization
Ho Chi Minh trail
Pol Pot
Nuon Chea
ground invasion of Cambodia
Kent State University
an impromptu, early morning meeting with them
Lincoln Memorial
credibility gap
bombing of Cambodia
Pentagon Papers
Daniel Ellsberg
The New York Times
The Washington Post
ruled in favor of
conscription
Paris Peace Accords
North Vietnam Army
U.S. intervention in Chile § 1973 coup
Operation Condor
Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Cuban Missile Crisis
Fidel Castro
Bebe Rebozo
Cienfuegos
Salvador Allende
President of Chile
Jorge Alessandri
Augusto Pinochet
coup d'état
dead was Allende
Leonid Brezhnev
General Secretary of the Communist Party
Alexei Kosygin
Chairman of the Council of Ministers
Nikolai Podgorny
Chairman
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
SALT I
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
Kremlin
linkage.
Export-Import Bank
Armand Hammer
Occidental Petroleum
phosphate
ammonia
Odessa
Ventspils
Volga
most favored nation
Jackson-Vanik Amendment
Grand Kremlin Palace
Yalta
MIRVs
Golda Meir
Anwar Sadat
Nixon Doctrine
Suez Crisis
Yom Kippur War
negotiating a truce
DEFCON
1973 oil crisis
the stalled Middle East Peace Negotiations
Nixon shock
1970s energy crisis
Bob Short
Bowie Kuhn
aide
Jack Brennan
Great Society
New Federalism
Camp David
Impossible trinity
Bretton Woods system
food shortages
State of the Union Address
James Anthony Wills
U.S. incarceration rate
New Federalism
United States Post Office Department
United States Postal Service
conservation movement
State of the Union speech
Earth Day
Environmental Protection Agency
John Ehrlichman
Clean Air Act of 1970
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
National Environmental Policy Act
environmental impact statements
Clean Water Act
impounded
Medicaid
health maintenance organizations
cost sharing
War on Drugs
sickle-cell
War on Cancer
National Institutes of Health
integration
integrate
George Shultz
busing
desegregation
civil rights movement
Philadelphia Plan
affirmative action
Equal Rights Amendment
Space policy of the United States
Apollo 11
USS Hornet
nearly decade-long national effort
Apollo 11
Neil Armstrong
Buzz Aldrin
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Thomas O. Paine
Manned Orbital Laboratory
spy satellites
Skylab
Space Shuttle
Soviet space program
joint mission of an American Apollo and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft
1972 United States presidential election
political realignment
Solid South
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Southern Strategy
civil rights movement
Clement Haynsworth
G. Harrold Carswell
Massachusetts
Edward M. Kennedy
late President
Chappaquiddick incident
Maine
Edmund Muskie
South Dakota
George McGovern
1972 Republican National Convention
abortion rights
Missouri
Thomas Eagleton
depression
one of the largest landslide election victories in American history
Watergate scandal
Impeachment process of Richard Nixon
Watergate complex
The Washington Post
Carl Bernstein
Bob Woodward
Deep Throat
Mark Felt
FBI
Committee to Re-elect President Nixon
White House Counsel
John Dean
impeachment
Alexander Butterfield
under oath
These tapes
subpoenaed
Archibald Cox
executive privilege
Saturday Night Massacre
Leon Jaworski
Rose Mary Woods
John Connally
Gerald Ford
Minority Leader of the House of Representatives
Associated Press
managing editors
House Judiciary Committee
impeachment
ruled unanimously
the "Smoking Gun Tape"
Hugh Scott
Barry Goldwater
John Jacob Rhodes
addressing the nation on television the previous evening
Theodore Roosevelt
Citizenship in a Republic
Roger Mudd
CBS
Conrad Black
Pardon of Richard Nixon
Oval Office
La Casa Pacifica
San Clemente, California
Jonathan Aitken
Ron Ziegler
phlebitis
John Ehrlichman
John Sirica
1974 midterm elections
Jimmy Carter
Gerald Ford
Hubert Humphrey
Deng Xiaoping
Coast Guard
David Frost
a series of sit-down interviews
Bebe Rebozo
Georgia
Jimmy Carter
the general election
Malcolm Fraser
disbarred
New York State Bar Association
obstruction of justice
James Callaghan
Leader of the Opposition
Margaret Thatcher
Lord Home
Sir Harold Wilson
Harold Macmillan
Edward Heath
Oxford Union
Ronald Reagan
Gerald Ford
Jimmy Carter
Anwar Sadat
Deng Xiaoping
Fifth Avenue
co-ops
Shah of Iran
1980
Saddle River
Anwar Sadat
Mikhail Gorbachev
a Gallup poll
Bill Clinton
political pundit
Elizabeth Drew
Yorba Linda, California
George H. W. Bush
Betty
Nancy
Barbara
Center for the National Interest
think tank
emphysema
Death and state funeral of Richard Nixon
Park Ridge
blood clot
atrial fibrillation
broken off
New York Hospital–Cornell Medical Center
Manhattan
cerebral edema
Bill Clinton
Yorba Linda, California
Bill Clinton
Henry Kissinger
Bob Dole
Pete Wilson
Billy Graham
Tricia
Julie
state funeral
lie in repose
Time
Tom Wicker
The New York Times
Franklin Roosevelt
The Dallas Morning News
Russell Baker
Jeff Koterba
Omaha World-Herald
Hunter S. Thompson
Rolling Stone
The Atlantic
Grendel
List of awards and honors received by Richard Nixon
James MacGregor Burns
anti-Communist
historical revisionism
Southern Strategy
Southern United States
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Endangered Species Act
environmentalism
Richard Nixon's Presidential Library and Museum
Yorba Linda, California
George McGovern
Jussi Hanhimäki
Cold War
containment
Donald Trump's
Christopher Andrew
Keith W. Olson
surveys of historians and political scientists
impeachment of Bill Clinton
September 11 attacks
Elvis Presley
Conrad Black
Job
Gerald Ford
George H.W. Bush
Ronald Reagan
Jimmy Carter
Ray Price
dilantin
Jack Dreyfus
Apollo 13
valet
Manolo Sanchez
David Owen
alcoholic
Elizabeth Drew
Richard Reeves
H. R. Haldeman
Bebe Rebozo
Six Crises
ISBN
Richard Milhous Nixon
Public Affairs Press
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
Cultural depictions of Richard Nixon
Electoral history of Richard Nixon
Nixon (film)
CNN
Reitwiesner, William Addams
Cronin, John Francis
Ambrose, Stephen E.
ISBN
Rabe, Stephen G.
ISBN
The Boston Globe
The New York Times
The New York Times
Wayback Machine
Wayback Machine
Kiernan, Ben
Routledge
ISBN
Wayback Machine
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISSN
ISSN
ISSN
ISSN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
JSTOR
ISBN
doi
ISSN
ISSN
ISSN
The Atlantic
The New York Times
Politico
Independent.co.uk
The Washington Post
Noah, Timothy
Slate
Aitken, Jonathan
ISBN
Ambrose, Stephen E.
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
Black, Conrad
ISBN
Blythe, Will
ISBN
ISBN
Dallek, Robert
ISBN
Drew, Elizabeth
ISBN
Evans, Rowland
Novak, Robert
ISBN
Ezell, Edward Clinton
ISBN
Foner, Eric
ISBN
ISBN
Frum, David
ISBN
Gaddis, John Lewis
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
Langguth, A.J.
ISBN
ISBN
Morris, Roger
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
Perlstein, Richard
ISBN
Reeves, Richard
ISBN
Safire, William
ISBN
Small, Melvin
ISBN
ISBN
Thompson, John B.
ISBN
Tyler, Patrick
White, Theodore H.
ISBN
The Deseret News
Steel, Ronald
Wicker, Tom
St. Petersburg Independent
Greene, Bob
Jewish World Review
Rolling Stone
Kiernan, Ben
Noah, Timothy
Slate
Opera News
Time
Time
Time
Time
Time
National Park Service
United States Postal Service
ISBN
ISBN
ISSN
OCLC
ISSN
OCLC
ISSN
OCLC
Christian Science Monitor
ISBN
Thomas, Evan
ISBN
OCLC
The New York Times
C-SPAN
C-SPAN
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
Miller Center of Public Affairs
American Experience
Internet Archive
LibriVox
IMDb
Project Gutenberg