Partito Democratico (Stati Uniti)
Article
August 15, 2022

Il Partito Democratico è uno dei due maggiori partiti politici contemporanei negli Stati Uniti. È stato fondato intorno al 1828 dai sostenitori di Andrew Jackson, il che lo rende il partito politico attivo più antico del mondo. Il suo principale rivale storico è il Partito Repubblicano. Prima del 1860, il Partito Democratico sosteneva il governo limitato e la sovranità statale mentre si opponeva a una banca nazionale e a tariffe elevate. Si divise in due nel 1860 a causa della schiavitù e vinse la presidenza solo due volte tra il 1860 e il 1910. Alla fine del XIX secolo, continuò a opporsi a tariffe elevate e ebbe aspri dibattiti interni sul gold standard. All'inizio del XX secolo, sostenne le riforme progressiste e si oppose all'imperialismo, con Woodrow Wilson che vinse la Casa Bianca nel 1912 e nel 1916. Da Franklin D. Roosevelt e dalla sua coalizione del New Deal dopo il 1932, il Partito Democratico ha promosso una piattaforma social-liberale. Il New Deal ha attirato un forte sostegno per il partito da parte dei recenti immigrati europei, molti dei quali erano cattolici con sede nelle città, ma ha causato un declino dell'ala conservatrice pro-business del partito. A seguito del Civil Rights Act del 1964 e del Voting Rights Act del 1965, le basi principali dei due partiti si sono spostate, con gli stati del sud che sono diventati più affidabili nella politica presidenziale repubblicana e gli stati del nordest sono diventati più affidabili nei democratici. L'elemento sindacale, un tempo potente, si è ridotto dopo gli anni '70, sebbene la classe operaia rimanga una componente importante della base democratica. Anche le donne, le persone che vivono nelle aree urbane, i giovani americani e i laureati, così come la maggior parte delle minoranze sessuali, religiose e razziali, tendono a sostenere il Partito Democratico. La filosofia del Partito Democratico del moderno liberalismo fonde le nozioni di libertà civile e uguaglianza sociale con il sostegno a un'economia mista. Al Congresso, il partito è una grande coalizione con influenti ali centriste, progressiste e conservatrici. La riforma della governance aziendale, la protezione ambientale, il sostegno al lavoro organizzato, l'espansione dei programmi sociali, le tasse universitarie a prezzi accessibili, la riforma sanitaria, le pari opportunità e la protezione dei consumatori costituiscono il nucleo dell'agenda economica del partito. Sulle questioni sociali, sostiene la riforma del finanziamento della campagna elettorale, i diritti LGBT, la giustizia penale e la riforma dell'immigrazione, leggi più severe sulle armi, i diritti sull'aborto e la legalizzazione della marijuana. Compreso l'operatore storico, Joe Biden, 16 democratici hanno servito come presidente degli Stati Uniti. A partire dal 2021, il partito detiene una tripletta del governo federale (la presidenza e la maggioranza sia alla Camera degli Stati Uniti che al Senato degli Stati Uniti), nonché 23 governatorati statali, 18 legislature statali, 15 trifecta del governo statale (il governatorato e entrambe le camere legislative) , e il sindaco della maggior parte delle grandi città. Tre dei nove giudici della Corte Suprema degli Stati Uniti sono stati nominati da presidenti democratici. Per membri registrati, il Partito Democratico è il più grande partito negli Stati Uniti e il terzo al mondo.
Storia
I funzionari del Partito Democratico spesso fanno risalire le sue origini al Partito Democratico-Repubblicano, fondato da Thomas Jefferson, James Madison e altri influenti oppositori dei federalisti nel 1792. Quel partito ispirò anche i Whig e i repubblicani moderni. Dal punto di vista organizzativo, il moderno Partito Democratico sorse davvero negli anni '30 dell'Ottocento con l'elezione di Andrew Jackson. Dalla nomina di William Jennings Bryan nel 1896, il partito si è generalmente posizionato a sinistra del Partito Repubblicano sulle questioni economiche. I democratici sono stati più liberali sui diritti civili dal 1948, anche se le fazioni conservatrici all'interno del Partito Democratico che si sono opposte a loro sono persistite nel Sud fino agli anni '60. In politica estera, entrambe le parti hanno cambiato posizione più volte.Sfondo
Il Partito Democratico si è evoluto dal Partito Repubblicano Jeffersonian o Partito Democratico-Repubblicano organizzato da Jefferson e Madison in opposizione al Partito Federalista. Il Partito Democratico-Repubblicano ha favorito il repubblicanesimoTitoli di articoli correlati
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1972
George McGovern
Sargent Shriver
1976
Jimmy Carter
Walter Mondale
1980
Jimmy Carter
Walter Mondale
1984
Walter Mondale
Geraldine Ferraro
1988
Michael Dukakis
Lloyd Bentsen
1992
Bill Clinton
Al Gore
1996
Bill Clinton
Al Gore
2000
Al Gore
Joe Lieberman
2004
John Kerry
John Edwards
2008
Barack Obama
Joe Biden
2012
Barack Obama
Joe Biden
2016
Hillary Clinton
Tim Kaine
2020
Joe Biden
Kamala Harris
Democratic Party (United States) organizations
List of political parties in the United States
List of United States Democratic Party presidential candidates
List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets
Political party strength in U.S. states
Politics of the United States
independent
Angus King
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Vice President
Kamala Harris
Dick Cheney
Jim Jeffords
Richard Mentor Johnson
Rutherford B. Hayes
plurality
Benjamin Harrison
plurality
George W. Bush
plurality
Donald Trump
ISBN
ISBN
Political Science Quarterly
The New York Times
Reuters
The Atlantic
The New Yorker
FiveThirtyEight
ISBN
doi
ISSN
doi
ISSN
S2CID
doi
ISBN
Chicago Review Press
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISSN
ISSN
CNN
ISBN
U.S. Department of State
About.com
The Marshall Project
Larson, Edward
Free Press
ISBN
ISBN
doi
ISSN
doi
doi
ISSN
JSTOR
S2CID
doi
ISSN
S2CID
ISBN
doi
ISSN
S2CID
Valentino, Nicholas A.
Sears, David O.
doi
ISSN
doi
ISSN
ISSN
The Wall Street Journal
ISSN
ISSN
Appleby, Joyce
ISBN
ISBN
Brennan Center for Justice
Bangor Daily News
The Virginian-Pilot
Salon.com
U.S. News & World Report
Wayback Machine
doi
JSTOR
rollcall.com
The Washington Post
Wayback Machine
The New York Times
doi
ISSN
S2CID
ISBN
doi
doi
ISSN
S2CID
ISBN
doi
ISSN
doi
ISBN
S2CID
The Washington Post
ISBN
The Nation
ISBN
ISBN
MSNBC.com
Wayback Machine
Pew Research Center
Gallup.com
CBS News
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The Washington Post
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United States Senate
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ThinkProgress
The Nation
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Newser
Pew Research Center
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Pew Research Center
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Reuters
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The Politico
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New York Daily News
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Gallup
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Jennifer Rubin
Politico
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Pew Research Center
The New Republic
Steve Inskeep
NPR
National Journal
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NBC News
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The Times Of India
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Politico
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ISBN
The New York Times
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The Guardian
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American Jewish Committee
Voice of America
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Wayback Machine
Wayback Machine
The Almanac of American Politics
doi
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Wayback Machine
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Gillon, Steven M.
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doi
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Curlie