Pandemia di covid-19
Article
May 16, 2022

La pandemia di COVID-19, nota anche come pandemia di coronavirus, è una pandemia globale in corso di malattia da coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causata dalla sindrome respiratoria acuta grave coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Il nuovo virus è stato identificato per la prima volta nella città cinese di Wuhan nel dicembre 2019; un blocco a Wuhan e in altre città nei dintorni di Hubei non è riuscito a contenere l'epidemia e si è rapidamente diffusa in altre parti della Cina continentale e in tutto il mondo. L'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità (OMS) ha dichiarato un'emergenza di sanità pubblica di interesse internazionale il 30 gennaio 2020 e una pandemia l'11 marzo 2020. Molteplici varianti del virus sono emerse e sono diventate dominanti in molti paesi dal 2021, con Alpha, Beta, e le varianti Delta sono le più virulente. Al 13 ottobre 2021, sono stati confermati oltre 238 milioni di casi e 4,87 milioni di morti, rendendola una delle pandemie più mortali della storia. I sintomi del COVID-19 vanno da nessuno a pericolosi per la vita. La malattia grave è più probabile nei pazienti anziani e in quelli con determinate condizioni mediche di base. La trasmissione di COVID-19 si verifica quando le persone respirano aria contaminata da goccioline e piccole particelle sospese nell'aria. Il rischio di inspirarli è più alto quando le persone sono nelle immediate vicinanze, ma il virus può trasmettersi su lunghe distanze, in particolare all'interno e in aree scarsamente ventilate. La trasmissione può anche avvenire, raramente, attraverso superfici o fluidi contaminati. Le persone rimangono contagiose fino a 20 giorni e possono diffondere il virus anche se non sviluppano sintomi. Diversi vaccini sono stati approvati e distribuiti in vari paesi, che hanno avviato campagne di vaccinazione di massa da dicembre 2020. Altre misure preventive raccomandate includono il distanziamento sociale, l'uso di maschere per il viso in pubblico, la ventilazione e il filtraggio dell'aria, la copertura della bocca quando si starnutisce o si tossisce, le mani lavare, disinfettare le superfici e mettere in quarantena le persone che sono state esposte o sono sintomatiche. I trattamenti si concentrano sull'affrontare i sintomi, ma sono in corso lavori per sviluppare farmaci che inibiscano il virus. Le autorità di tutto il mondo hanno risposto implementando restrizioni di viaggio, blocchi, chiusure di attività commerciali, controlli sui rischi sul posto di lavoro, protocolli di test e sistemi per tracciare i contatti degli infetti. La pandemia ha provocato gravi sconvolgimenti sociali ed economici in tutto il mondo, inclusa la più grande recessione globale dalla Grande Depressione negli anni '30. Ha portato a una diffusa carenza di approvvigionamento esacerbata da acquisti di panico, interruzioni dell'agricoltura, carenza di cibo e riduzione delle emissioni di sostanze inquinanti. Numerose istituzioni educative e aree pubbliche sono state parzialmente o completamente chiuse e molti eventi sono stati cancellati o rinviati. La disinformazione è circolata attraverso i social media e i mass media e le tensioni politiche sono state esacerbate. La pandemia ha sollevato problemi di discriminazione razziale e geografica, equità sanitaria e equilibrio tra imperativi di salute pubblica e diritti individuali.
Denominazione
La pandemia è conosciuta con diversi nomi. Viene spesso indicato come il suo nome colloquiale, "la pandemia di coronavirus", nonostante l'esistenza di altri coronavirus umani che hanno causato epidemie ed epidemie (ad esempio SARS). Prima che fosse dichiarata una pandemia, era conosciuta come "l'epidemia di coronavirus" e "epidemia di coronavirus di Wuhan". Durante l'epidemia iniziale a Wuhan, il virus e la malattia erano comunemente indicati come "coronavirus" e "coronavirus di Wuhan", con il malattia a volte chiamata "polmonite di Wuhan". Nel gennaio 2020, l'OMS ha raccomandato la malattia respiratoria acuta 2019-nCoV e 2019-nCoV come nomi provvisori per il virus e la malattia secondo le linee guida 2015 e le linee guida internazionali contro l'uso di luoghi geografici (ad esempio Wuhan, Cina), specie animali o gruppi di persone in nomi di malattie e virus in parte per prevenire lo stigma sociale. I nomi ufficiali COVID-19 e SARS-CoV-2 sono stati emessi dall'OMS l'11 febbraio 2020. Tedros Adhanom ha spiegato: CO per corona, VI per vTitoli di articoli correlati
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pandemic
coronavirus disease 2019
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
novel virus
Wuhan, China
spread worldwide
World Health Organization
Public Health Emergency of International Concern
more than 521 million cases
6.26 million confirmed deaths
deadliest in history
ICU
São Paulo
Coronavirus disease 2019
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Worldwide
Index case
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undetectable
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COVID‑19 transmits
airborne
produced many strains
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Treatments
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testing
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Educational institutions
Misinformation circulated
social media
mass media
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racial and geographic discrimination
health equity
the balance
public health
Huanggang
human coronaviruses
SARS
the initial outbreak
Wuhan
social stigma
Tedros Adhanom
variants of concern
variants of interest
Greek letters
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PANGO lineage
Omicron
COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory
Cases
Deaths
Africa
Asia
Europe
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Oceania
South America
Antarctica
Investigations into the origin of COVID-19
COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei
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prone positioning
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Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation
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Apple
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Flattening the curve
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Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic
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telehealth
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March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
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Gamma variant
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Delta variant
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January
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March
April
May
Omicron variant
Baricitinib
Sotrovimab
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COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory
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world's population
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